diff --git a/cmd/um/main.go b/cmd/um/main.go
index 3224be8..989026d 100644
--- a/cmd/um/main.go
+++ b/cmd/um/main.go
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func (p *processor) process(inputFile string, allDec []common.NewDecoderFunc) er
 				logger.Warn("sniff cover image type failed", zap.Error(err))
 			} else {
 				params.AlbumArtExt = imgExt
-				params.AlbumArt = bytes.NewReader(cover)
+				params.AlbumArt = cover
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ func (p *processor) process(inputFile string, allDec []common.NewDecoderFunc) er
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute)
 		defer cancel()
 
-		if err := ffmpeg.UpdateAudioMetadata(ctx, outPath, params); err != nil {
+		if err := ffmpeg.UpdateMeta(ctx, outPath, params); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 77ed2b1..67f7119 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ module unlock-music.dev/cli
 go 1.19
 
 require (
+	github.com/go-flac/flacpicture v0.2.0
+	github.com/go-flac/flacvorbis v0.1.0
+	github.com/go-flac/go-flac v0.3.1
 	github.com/samber/lo v1.36.0
 	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.23.6
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221204150635-6dcec336b2bb
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db
 	golang.org/x/text v0.5.0
 	unlock-music.dev/mmkv v0.0.0-20221204231432-41a75bd29939
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index c86c908..865c2c8 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -4,9 +4,18 @@ github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46t
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/ddliu/go-httpclient v0.5.1 h1:ys4KozrhBaGdI1yuWIFwNNILqhnMU9ozTvRNfCTorvs=
+github.com/ddliu/go-httpclient v0.5.1/go.mod h1:8QVbjq00YK2f2MQyiKuWMdaKOFRcoD9VuubkNCNOuZo=
+github.com/go-flac/flacpicture v0.2.0 h1:rS/ZOR/ZxlEwMf3yOPFcTAmGyoV6rDtcYdd+6CwWQAw=
+github.com/go-flac/flacpicture v0.2.0/go.mod h1:M4a1J0v6B5NHsck4GA1yZg0vFQzETVPd3kuj6Ow+q9o=
+github.com/go-flac/flacvorbis v0.1.0 h1:xStJfPrZ/IoA2oBUEwgrlaSf+Opo6/YuQfkqVhkP0cM=
+github.com/go-flac/flacvorbis v0.1.0/go.mod h1:70N9vVkQ4Jew0oBWkwqDMIE21h7pMUtQJpnMD0js6XY=
+github.com/go-flac/go-flac v0.3.1 h1:BWA7HdO67S4ZLWSVHCxsDHuedFFu5RiV/wmuhvO6Hxo=
+github.com/go-flac/go-flac v0.3.1/go.mod h1:jG9IumOfAXr+7J40x0AiQIbJzXf9Y7+Zs/2CNWe4LMk=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaSAoJOfIk=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 h1:ROPKBNFfQgOUMifHyP+KYbvpjbdoFNs+aK7DXlji0Tw=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2/go.mod h1:XVQd3VNwM+JqD3oG2Ue2ip4fOMUkwXdXDdiuN0vRsmY=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oXzfMopK8JAjlY9xF4vHSVASa0yLyX7SntLO5aqRK0M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.8 h1:e6P7q2lk1O+qJJb4BtCQXlK8vWEO8V1ZeuEdJNOqZyg=
 github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1 h1:iURUrRGxPUNPdy5/HRSm+Yj6okJ6UtLINN0Q9M4+h3I=
@@ -35,8 +44,8 @@ go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0 h1:FiJd5l1UOLj0wCgbSE0rwwXHzEdAZS6hiiSnxJN/D60=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0/go.mod h1:2kMP+WWQ8aoFoedH3T2sq6iJ2yDWpHbP0f6MQbS9Gkg=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0 h1:a06MkbcxBrEFc0w0QIZWXrH/9cCX6KJyWbBOIwAn+7A=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.3.0/go.mod h1:hebNnKkNXi2UzZN1eVRvBB7co0a+JxK6XbPiWVs/3J4=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221204150635-6dcec336b2bb h1:QIsP/NmClBICkqnJ4rSIhnrGiGR7Yv9ZORGGnmmLTPk=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221204150635-6dcec336b2bb/go.mod h1:CxIveKay+FTh1D0yPZemJVgC/95VzuuOLq5Qi4xnoYc=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db h1:D/cFflL63o2KSLJIwjlcIt8PR064j/xsmdEJL/YvY/o=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221205204356-47842c84f3db/go.mod h1:CxIveKay+FTh1D0yPZemJVgC/95VzuuOLq5Qi4xnoYc=
 golang.org/x/text v0.5.0 h1:OLmvp0KP+FVG99Ct/qFiL/Fhk4zp4QQnZ7b2U+5piUM=
 golang.org/x/text v0.5.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
diff --git a/internal/ffmpeg/ffmpeg.go b/internal/ffmpeg/ffmpeg.go
index 467acd9..9fe9ac9 100644
--- a/internal/ffmpeg/ffmpeg.go
+++ b/internal/ffmpeg/ffmpeg.go
@@ -39,11 +39,18 @@ type UpdateMetadataParams struct {
 
 	Meta common.AudioMeta // required
 
-	AlbumArt    io.Reader // optional
-	AlbumArtExt string    // required if AlbumArt is not nil
+	AlbumArt    []byte // optional
+	AlbumArtExt string // required if AlbumArt is not nil
 }
 
-func UpdateAudioMetadata(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMetadataParams) error {
+func UpdateMeta(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMetadataParams) error {
+	if params.AudioExt == ".flac" {
+		return updateMetaFlac(ctx, outPath, params)
+	} else {
+		return updateMetaFFmpeg(ctx, outPath, params)
+	}
+}
+func updateMetaFFmpeg(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMetadataParams) error {
 	builder := newFFmpegBuilder()
 
 	out := newOutputBuilder(outPath) // output to file
@@ -60,7 +67,7 @@ func UpdateAudioMetadata(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMeta
 		params.AudioExt != ".wav" /* wav doesn't support attached image */ {
 
 		// write cover to temp file
-		artPath, err := utils.WriteTempFile(params.AlbumArt, params.AlbumArtExt)
+		artPath, err := utils.WriteTempFile(bytes.NewReader(params.AlbumArt), params.AlbumArtExt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("updateAudioMeta write temp file: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -77,6 +84,10 @@ func UpdateAudioMetadata(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMeta
 			out.AddOption("disposition:v", "attached_pic")
 			out.AddMetadata("s:v", "title", "Album cover")
 			out.AddMetadata("s:v", "comment", "Cover (front)")
+		case ".mp3":
+			out.AddOption("codec:v", "mjpeg")
+			out.AddMetadata("s:v", "title", "Album cover")
+			out.AddMetadata("s:v", "comment", "Cover (front)")
 		default: // other formats use default behavior
 		}
 	}
@@ -98,6 +109,11 @@ func UpdateAudioMetadata(ctx context.Context, outPath string, params *UpdateMeta
 		out.AddMetadata("", "artist", strings.Join(artists, " / "))
 	}
 
+	if params.AudioExt == ".mp3" {
+		out.AddOption("write_id3v1", "true")
+		out.AddOption("id3v2_version", "3")
+	}
+
 	// execute ffmpeg
 	cmd := builder.Command(ctx)
 
diff --git a/internal/ffmpeg/meta_flac.go b/internal/ffmpeg/meta_flac.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ec6a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/ffmpeg/meta_flac.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package ffmpeg
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"mime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/go-flac/flacpicture"
+	"github.com/go-flac/flacvorbis"
+	"github.com/go-flac/go-flac"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+)
+
+func updateMetaFlac(_ context.Context, outPath string, m *UpdateMetadataParams) error {
+	f, err := flac.ParseFile(m.Audio)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// generate comment block
+	comment := flacvorbis.MetaDataBlockVorbisComment{Vendor: "unlock-music.dev"}
+
+	// add metadata
+	title := m.Meta.GetTitle()
+	if title != "" {
+		_ = comment.Add(flacvorbis.FIELD_TITLE, title)
+	}
+
+	album := m.Meta.GetAlbum()
+	if album != "" {
+		_ = comment.Add(flacvorbis.FIELD_ALBUM, album)
+	}
+
+	artists := m.Meta.GetArtists()
+	for _, artist := range artists {
+		_ = comment.Add(flacvorbis.FIELD_ARTIST, artist)
+	}
+
+	existCommentIdx := slices.IndexFunc(f.Meta, func(b *flac.MetaDataBlock) bool {
+		return b.Type == flac.VorbisComment
+	})
+	if existCommentIdx >= 0 { // copy existing comment fields
+		exist, err := flacvorbis.ParseFromMetaDataBlock(*f.Meta[existCommentIdx])
+		if err != nil {
+			for _, s := range exist.Comments {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(s, flacvorbis.FIELD_TITLE+"=") && title != "" ||
+					strings.HasPrefix(s, flacvorbis.FIELD_ALBUM+"=") && album != "" ||
+					strings.HasPrefix(s, flacvorbis.FIELD_ARTIST+"=") && len(artists) != 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				comment.Comments = append(comment.Comments, s)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// add / replace flac comment
+	cmtBlock := comment.Marshal()
+	if existCommentIdx < 0 {
+		f.Meta = append(f.Meta, &cmtBlock)
+	} else {
+		f.Meta[existCommentIdx] = &cmtBlock
+	}
+
+	if m.AlbumArt != nil {
+
+		cover, err := flacpicture.NewFromImageData(
+			flacpicture.PictureTypeFrontCover,
+			"Front cover",
+			m.AlbumArt,
+			mime.TypeByExtension(m.AlbumArtExt),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		coverBlock := cover.Marshal()
+		f.Meta = append(f.Meta, &coverBlock)
+
+		// add / replace flac cover
+		coverIdx := slices.IndexFunc(f.Meta, func(b *flac.MetaDataBlock) bool {
+			return b.Type == flac.Picture
+		})
+		if coverIdx < 0 {
+			f.Meta = append(f.Meta, &coverBlock)
+		} else {
+			f.Meta[coverIdx] = &coverBlock
+		}
+	}
+
+	return f.Save(outPath)
+}